Lecture 1 : Web Design Principles

HTML
HTML or HyperText Markup Language is the standart markup language used to create web pages.  A web browser can read HTML files and compose them into visible or audible web pages. The HTML files contains content text and HTML markup. and make look at the web page body of the document can contain : Text, Images, Video, Audio, Forms, Link, and Other Interactive resources. Web pages from HTML can also refer to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the look and layout of text and other material. 

History
A physicist Tim Berners-Lee proposed and prototyped a software contain a simple hypertext program (ENQUIRE) to use and share document at The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). in 1989-late 1990 Barners-Lee joined the ideas of the user interface (browser), a markup language (HTML), and a communications protocol (http:) that allowed hypertext linking The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was founded in 1994 MIT for standardization for all browser.

XML and XHTML
XML is a Markup language like HTML but can define your own markup. but in XML has stricter syntax than HTML with more rules. some rules is

• Document must well-formed
• All tags must nest properly and not overlap
• Use all lowercase for element names
• Always use closing tags
• Empty elemnets are signified by a closing slash
• Attribute values must be contained in quotation marks

And then XML updated to XHTML to refer Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), but XHTML still have the XML syntax rules.

HTML5
And now, The Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) proposed HTML5 that can use to:

• Supports standards-based coding
• Compatible with HTML and XHTML
• Compatible with CSS
• Supports new page layout elements
• Application and media compatible